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E.m.f Equation of Transformer

 


E.m.f Equation of Transformer

Suppose , N= No. of turns of primary coil &

N2 = No. of turns of secondary coil of a transformer.

Φm = Maximum flux in core ( webers)

Bx A

f= frequency of alternating current in Hz

From the figure , it has been seen that the flux Φ increases from its zero value to maximum value Φm in one quarter of the cycle i.e in 1/4 f second

=4 f ΦWb/s or volt

Now, rate of change of flux per turn means induced e.m.f in volts.

∴ average e.m.f/ turn = 4 f Φvolt

If the magnitude of flux Φ varies sinusoidally, then the r.m.s value of induced e.m.f is obtained by multiplying the average value with from factor.

∴ r.m.s value of e.m.f./turn = 1.11 x 4fΦm 4.44 fΦvolt

Now, r.m.s value of the induced e.m.f in the primary winding

∴ E1 = (induced e.m.f/turn) x No. of primary turns

∴ E4.44 f Φm N(As Φm = Bm x A )

∴ E1 = 4.44 f N1BA .....................(i)

Similarly, r.m.s value of the e.m.f. induced in secondary is,

∴ E= (induced e.m.f/turn) x No. of Secondary turns

4.44 f Φm N2 (As Φm = Bm x A )

⇒ E2 = 4.44 f NBA .....................(ii)

It is seen from equation (i) and (ii) that E1 / N1 = E2 / N2 = 4.44 f Φm .

from the above equation it is seen that the e.m.f/ turn is the same in both primary and secondary windings.

.

Voltage Transformation Ratio :-

.

From equation (i) and (ii) ,we get

∴ E1 / N1 = E2 / N2 = 4.44 f Φ= K

Constant K is known as voltage transformation ratio.

i) If N2 > N1 i.e K > 1,then transformer is called step-up transformer.

ii) If N2 < N1 i.e K < 1,then transformer is called step-down transformer.

















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