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TRANSFORMER

 TRANSFORMER

A transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another or multiple circuits. A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferred between separate coils without a metallic (conductive) connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction, discovered in 1831, describes the induced voltage effect in any coil due to a changing magnetic flux encircled by the coil.


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Transformers are most commonly used for increasing low AC voltages at high current (a step-up transformer) or decreasing high AC voltages at low current (a step-down transformer) in electric power applications, and for coupling the stages of signal processing circuits. Transformers can also be used for isolation, where the voltage in equals the voltage out, with separate coils not electrically bonded to one another.

1 Principles

1 Ideal transformer

2 Real transformer

3 Transformer EMF equation

4 Polarity

5 Effect of frequency

6 Energy losses

2 Construction

1 Cores

2 Windings

3 Cooling

4 Insulation

5 Bushings



TRANSFORMERS TYPES



Schematic of a large oil-filled power transformer 

1-Tank 

2-Lid 

3-Conservator tank 

4-Oil level indicator

5-Buchholz relay for detecting gas bubbles

6-Piping 

7-Tap changer 

8- Drive motor for tap changer 

9- Driveshaft for tap changer 

10-High voltage (HV) bushing 

11-High voltage bushing current transformers 

12-Low voltage (LV) bushing 

13-Low voltage current transformers 

14-Bushing voltage-transformer for metering 

15-Core 

16-Yoke of the core 

17-Limbs connect the yokes and hold them up 

18-Coils 

19-Internal wiring between coils and tapchanger 

20-Oil release valve 

21-Vacuum valve




Transformer

 



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Transformer